HMS Warspite - Battleship of World Wars I II

Launched in 1913, the battleship HMS Warspite saw extensive service during both world wars.  A Queen Elizabeth-class battleship, Warspite was completed in 1915 and fought at Jutland the following year. Retained after World War I, it moved between postings in the Atlantic and Mediterranean. After an extensive modernization in 1934, it fought in the Mediterranean and Indian Oceans during World War II and provided support during the Normandy landings. Construction Laid down on October 31, 1912, at the Devonport Royal Dockyard, HMS Warspite was one of five Queen Elizabeth-class battleships built by the Royal Navy. The brainchild of First Sea Lord Admiral Sir John Jackie Fisher and First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill, the Queen Elizabeth-class became the first battleship class to be designed around the new 15-inch gun. In laying out the ship, designers elected to mount the guns in four twin turrets. This was a change from previous battleships which had featured five twin turrets. The reduction in number of guns was justified as the new 15-inch guns were substantially more powerful than their 13.5-inch predecessors. Also, the removal of the fifth turret reduced weight and allowed for a larger power plant which dramatically increased the ships speed. Capable of 24 knots, the Queen Elizabeths were the first fast battleships. Launched on November 26, 1913, Warspite, and its sisters, were among the most powerful battleships to see action during World War I. With the outbreak of the conflict in August 1914, workers raced to finish the ship and it was commissioned on March 8, 1915. HMS Warspite (03) Nation: Great BritainType: BattleshipShipyard: Devonport Royal DockyardLaid Down: October 31, 1912Launched: November 26, 1913Commissioned: March 8, 1915Fate: Scrapped in 1950Specifications (As Built)Displacement: 33,410 tonsLength: 639 ft., 5 in.Beam: 90 ft. 6 in.Draft: 30 ft. 6 in.Propulsion: 24 Ãâ€" boilers at 285 psi maximum pressure, 4 propellersSpeed: 24 knotsRange: 8,600 miles at 12.5 knotsComplement: 925-1,120 menGuns8 x Mk I 15-inch/42 guns (4 turrets with 2 guns each)12 x single Mk XII 6-inch guns2 x single 3-inch high-angle guns4 x single 3-pdr guns4 x 21-inch submerged torpedo tubesAircraft (After 1920)1 aircraft using 1 catapult World War I Joining the Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow, Warspite was initially assigned to the 2nd Battle Squadron with Captain Edward Montgomery Phillpotts in command. Later that year, the battleship was damaged after running aground in the Firth of Forth. After repairs, it was placed with the 5th Battle Squadron which consisted entirely of Queen Elizabeth-class battleships. On May 31-June 1, 1916, the 5th Battle Squadron saw action in the Battle of Jutland as part of Vice Admiral David Beattys Battlecruiser Fleet. In the fighting, Warspite was hit fifteen times by German heavy shells. HMS Warspite (left) and HMS Malaya (right) at the Battle of Jutland, 1916. Public Domain Badly damaged, the battleships steering jammed after it turned to avoid a collision with HMS Valiant. Steaming in circles, the crippled ship drew German fire away from the British cruisers in the area. After two complete circles, the Warspites steering was repaired, however, it found itself on course to intercept the German High Seas Fleet. With one turret still operational, Warspite opened fire before being ordered to drop out of line to make repairs. Following the battle, the commander of the 5th Battle Squadron, Rear Admiral Hugh Evan-Thomas, directed Warspite to make for Rosyth for repairs. Interwar Years Returning to service, Warspite spent the remainder of the war at Scapa Flow along with the majority of the Grand Fleet. In November 1918, it steamed out to aid in guiding the German High Seas Fleet into internment. After the war, Warspite alternated postings with the Atlantic Fleet and the Mediterranean Fleet. In 1934, it returned home for a large modernization project. Over the next three years, Warspites superstructure was greatly modified, aircraft facilities were built, and improvements were made to the ships propulsion and weapons systems. World War II Begins Rejoining the fleet in 1937, Warspite was sent to the Mediterranean as the flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet. The battleships departure was delayed for several months as the steering problem that had begun at Jutland continued to be an issue. When World War II began, Warspite was cruising the Mediterranean as the flagship of Vice Admiral Andrew Cunningham. Ordered to join the Home Fleet, Warspite took part in the British campaigns in Norway and provided support during the Second Battle of Narvik. Mediterranean Ordered back to the Mediterranean, Warspite saw action against the Italians during the Battles of Calabria (July 9, 1940) and Cape Matapan (March 27-29, 1941). Following these actions, Warspite was sent to the United States for repairs and re-gunning. Entering the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, the battleship was still there when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941. HMS Warspite in the Mediterranean, 1941. Public Domain Departing later that month, Warspite joined the Eastern Fleet in the Indian Ocean. Flying the flag of Admiral Sir James Somerville, Warspite took part in the ineffective British efforts to block the Japanese Indian Ocean Raid. Returning to the Mediterranean in 1943, Warspite joined Force H and provided fire support for the Allied invasion of Sicily that June. Remaining in the area, it fulfilled a similar mission when Allied troops landed at Salerno, Italy in September. On September 16, shortly after covering the landings, Warspite was struck by three heavy German glide bombs. One of these tore through the ships funnel and blew a hole in the hull. Crippled, Warspite was towed to Malta for temporary repairs before moving on to Gibraltar and Rosyth. HMS Warspite in the Indian Ocean, 1942. Public Domain D-Day Working quickly, the shipyard completed the repairs in time for Warspite to join the Eastern Task Force off Normandy. On June 6, 1944, Warspite provided gunfire support for Allied troops landing on Gold Beach. Shortly thereafter, it returned to Rosyth to have its guns replaced. En route, Warspite incurred damage after setting off a magnetic mine. After receiving temporary repairs, Warspite took part in bombardment missions off Brest, Le Havre, and Walcheren. With the war moving inland, the Royal Navy placed the battle-worn ship in Category C Reserve on February 1, 1945. Warspite remained in this status for the remainder of the war. Fate After efforts to make Warspite a museum failed, it was sold for scrap in 1947. During the tow to the breakers, the battleship broke loose and ran aground in Prussia Cove, Cornwall. Though defiant until the end, Warspite was recovered and taken to St. Michaels Mount where it was dismantled.

Human Rights Act of 1998 - 681 Words

The aim of this essay is to critically evaluate the statement The European Convention on Human Rights exists to guarantee legal protection to fundamental rights. It will examine how rights are protected in law and the way the UK approaches the protection of these rights. Explanation will be made of the way that the UK addresses the implementation of the rights in the English legal system. Issues such as conflicting rights and legal limitations will also be considered. An evaluation will be made of whether or not The Human Rights Act 1998 protects the fundamental rights of UK citizens as contained in the European Convention on Human Rights. Before the Human Rights Act 1998 was passed by parliament it had been considered unnecessary to incorporate the Convention directly into UK law as it was thought that the UK already provided adequate protection for its citizens. However, a number of infringements were identified and this eventually led to the start of the legislative process which resulted in the Human Rights Act 1998. Arguments that were put forward for the incorporation of The European Convention on Human Rights into UK law were partly based on the costs and time considerations involved in taking cases before the European Court in Strasbourg. The Human Rights Act 1998 gave the citizens of the United Kingdom the right to bring proceedings for the infringement of these rights before the UK courts. Other lines of reasoning concluded that the incorporation wouldShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights Act 1998 ( Hra )3755 Words   |  16 PagesSection C: 8 Before the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) coming into force, the UK subscribed to a ‘weak’ judicial review. However, the Act has brought a drastic change into the practice of judicial review in the UK. In this essay, I shall argue that with the new powers conferred to the courts under sections 3 and 4 (ss 3 and 4) of the HRA, they have developed a mechanism which allows the court to communicate with Parliament through their interpretations although the practice of judicial review remainsRead MoreSignificance of Section 3 and 4 of the Human Rights Act 19981312 Words   |  5 PagesThe power to strike down Acts of Parliament is defined as the power to declare legislation invalid because it is unconstitutional. This paper will critically assess sections 3 and 4 of the HRA 1998 by defining them, reviewing case law surrounding their use, and by evaluating the powers that they give to the judiciary. By doing so, it will demonstrate that section 3 gives judges powers that are no t significantly different from the power to strike down Acts of Parliament, whereas section 4 does notRead MoreThe Between The Uk Parliament And The Human Rights Act 1998 ( Hra ) On Sovereignty1030 Words   |  5 PagesParliamentary Sovereignty is, as Dicey coined â€Å"the right to make or unmake any law whatever†¦ [with] no person or body†¦ having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament.† Immediately, we see a contradiction between the UK Parliament and the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) on sovereignty. The issues David Cameron puts forward in his speech have all attracted much attention from a Human Rights perspective. More and more the European Courts of Human Rights (ECHR) are becoming an integral part ofRead MoreThe Extent to Which the Human Rights Act of 1998 Strengthened the Rule of Law in the U.K. Constitution2570 Words   |  11 PagesThe Extent to Which the Human Rights Act of 1998 Strengthened the Rule of Law in the U.K. Constitut ion The Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA), an Act introduced to give effect to rights from the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in domestic legislation. Its introduction has affected many legal areas; especially the conceptions of the rule of law and their place in the UK constitution. To understand the effect of the HRA, it is first necessary to establish the initial statusRead MoreThe Human Rights Act 19981486 Words   |  6 Pages The Human Rights Act 1998 The Human Rights Act 1998 was fully enforced in 2000 and describes further effect to freedoms and rights that are entitled under the ECHR (the European Convention on Human Rights) (Ward, Wragg Walker 2011, p. 146). The constitutional framework of the United Kingdom implies that the Human Rights Act 1998 is not ‘embedded’ in the same way as the human rights papers that are adopted by many nations in the world. Nonetheless, it is argued that any attempt to amend or repealRead MoreHuman Right Act, 1998766 Words   |  4 Pagescommunities which are not mainstream, often face additional challenges and barriers in escaping the domestic violence they are experiencing. Religion plays a vital role in that factor. Everybody has the right to worship whichever way they want to worship. Human Right Act, 1998. 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Mcdonald Competitive Advantage Free Essays

McDonald’s core competency is providing convenience when people need and want to eat fast food at prices that are competitive and provide best value for the customer’s money. One of McDonald’s competitive advantages is its focus on consistency of  quality, production of food and use of raw materials all around the world. The world recognition associated with the brand McDonald’s itself is also one of McDonald’s competitive advantages. We will write a custom essay sample on Mcdonald Competitive Advantage or any similar topic only for you Order Now We strive to be cost leaders and offer our food at prices that cannot be matched by our competitors. In order to do this, your store must be efficient and keep everyday operations costs as low as possible. Doing so, will allow for our stores to be superior to other fast food restaurants because we can serve our food at lower prices than any other fast food company. Another important competitive advantage we have here at McDonald’s is the speedy delivery of our food. In order to maintain this advantage over other fast food chains, you must make the processes of cooking food simple for all your employees. It must be easy to learn and easy to execute with a low failure rate to ensure the quick production and delivery of your food. These two competitive advantages comply directly with the vision of the company which is as follows: â€Å"McDonald’s vision is to be the world’s best quick service restaurant experience. Being the best means providing outstanding quality, service, cleanliness, and value, so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile. † Just like any other firm, McDonald’s competitive advantages are what makes it stand out when compared to other companies. These aspects of McDonald’s are what helped it become the number one fast food distributor in the world. McDonald’s competitive advantage is based on brand recognition. McDonald’s brand is well known in all markets, nationally and internationally. A new report by business intelligence firm shows how top corporations such as McDonalds’s, Coca-cola use their brands to strategically position themselves to gain and retain new customers, even in the most competitive markets. Brand recognition holds tremendous influence on consumer buying habits How to cite Mcdonald Competitive Advantage, Essay examples

A great man named Charles Darwin Essay Example For Students

A great man named Charles Darwin Essay A great man named Charles Darwin in his theory of evolution proposed that man comes from one common ancestor, but some instincts and genes are left the same. This idea of evolution links with todays world as today we still have the same thoughts and ideas and some of us are corrupt and are the opposite of what we should be. This links with Lazarillo as coincidentally all the characters in this novella appear one way, but in reality they are the opposite. In reality these men such as the nobleman; the nobleman depicts himself as very well-dressed man, but as our main character Lazarillo finds out, the nobleman is a miser who lives off his parents money. Many such instances are throughout the book where church officials are doing un-holy actions. The characters in Lazarillo de Tormes appear holy and pure in one light but in truth all the characters are portrayed in a darker light. Spain is a Christian dominant country and has been for several years including the time in which this book is set. Lazarillo de Tormes is primarily based upon members of the clergy being Lazarillos master. One would think these pious officials would follow Christian code such as: being helpful towards the needy and maintain abstinence, but during the book they do the opposite. Lazarillos second master portrays a selfish attitude that is very un-priest like when in the book it narrates, He would give me all the bones after he gnawed them saying the words: Here, eat and rejoice, because the world is yours. You are better off than the Pope! Lazarillo was famished at the time and the greedy pope offered him close to nothing which makes the priest rude and uncaring. Another example follows with the story of the archbishop when he says, Since people see your wife leaving and entering my house. It is to your complete honor and hers that she does so, I promise you. In this moment Lazarillo i s married and finds out that an Arch-Bishop and his wife are having an affair, this proves again that the Arch-Bishop did the un-pious thing. In reality an Arch-Bishop wouldnt be allowed to have sexual relations, but in secret he is, which makes him a liar in reality. It is an age old stereotype that rich people are generally mean people who dont like to spend any money and live miserly. It is in Lazarillo de Tormes that the character of a nobleman takes the word miser to a whole new level. When Lazarillo meets his new master he sees that this man is well dressed and considerably rich. It is a long while later; Lazarillo realizes this assumption is dead wrong and that the nobleman is just a poor master who lives off his parents money. An example of his cheapness is when he says, Theres nothing in the world that prolongs life like eating frugally. The Nobleman really means that he does not want to waste money on food and will take any chance to eat for free. In the rest of the chapter the Nobleman begins to flirt with a few women and they expect him to pay for something and he reacts by saying, realizing that his pocket was cold and belly was hot, was seized with such a shiver that his face turned pale and he begun to get tongue tied and make feeb le excuses. It is thwarting to know that a nobleman gave the idea of two women up because he was too miserly and poor to do anything about this. This Nobleman in the later part of the chapter is found to receive money from his family and runs away from Lazarillo. .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a , .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a .postImageUrl , .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a , .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a:hover , .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a:visited , .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a:active { border:0!important; } .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a:active , .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub45836cada6278107c225e4d84ca8a7a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To Kill A Mockingbird: Man Versus Society EssayLazarillo was moving up the ladder of success heading from one master to the next, but each showing their true colors in the end which makes him quit. It was that Lazarillo may have had many masters, but there were a multitude of reasons why he quit and sometimes he was with a master for a very short amount of time. One of his instances was with a Mercederian Friar who was extremely arrogant and had his way with everything. When one thinks of a Monk they think of a secluded quiet person who respects nature. In the book there are shocking examples that exemplify the exact opposite of this friar. An example is when the book narr ates, To whom the low class women directed me. They said he was a relative. In this context it means that the friar used to go to prostitutes and also it is later mentioned that Lazarillo may have left because he was sexually abused by him. Lazarillos next dead end job was with a very crafty and sneaky indulgence seller who if you knew him would think he is secular. This man blatantly tricks people into buying indulgences and an example of him doing that is when he says, When people didnt buy indulgences readily, he sought ways for them to do it. This explains the fact that Lazarillo and him both knew that it was not about selling indulgences, but it was about making money. Lazarillo de Tormes is a fantastic book about the fortunes and misfortunes about a young boy who is learning the ropes. In the book many people give off a certain personality, but once Lazarillo goes undercover he finds those people to be cruel or fake. Lazarillo uncovers what the church is really about, how the clergy manipulates people and deep down is very corrupt. Not only are the church involved, but the nobleman and rich folk are lazy people who live off other people money even though they dress superbly. The characters in Lazarillo de Tormes appear holy and pure in one light but in truth all the characters are portrayed in a darker light. All the characters in a way helped Lazarillo grow as a person to be more successful because Lazarillo saw how people genuinely are..